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What is the difference between Z0, ZA and ZB preload, and which level should I choose for my axis?

What is the difference between Z0, ZA and ZB preload, and which level should I choose for my axis?

2025-11-23
Z0, ZA and ZB are different preload levels for linear guide blocks:
  • Z0 preload – very light preload or almost zero clearance
    • Low friction, easy to move
    • Suitable for light-load, high-speed axes and general automation
  • ZA preload – light to medium preload
    • Higher rigidity than Z0 but still reasonable friction and heat
    • Commonly used on machining center X/Y axes and many CNC and industrial axes
  • ZB preload – heavy preload
    • Highest rigidity and the least elastic deformation
    • Used for very heavy cutting heads, boring mills or axes where deflection must be minimal
However, there are some critical points you must consider before choosing a high preload, especially ZB:
  1. Installation flatness and parallelism
    High preload (especially ZB) makes the guideway much more sensitive to mounting errors.
    • If the base surfaces are not precision-machined and properly ground, the rail cannot “flex” to absorb the error.
    • The block will run very heavy, generate heat and may wear the raceways quickly or even seize.